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.arrow-icon{display:inline-block;width:12px;height:12px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.4;vertical-align:-2px;flex-shrink:0}.rosette-icon{width:32px;height:32px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.2}.book-ornament .rosette-icon{width:40px;height:40px}.contact-email .arrow-icon{width:18px;height:18px}.portrait-mark{display:flex;align-items:center}

@media(max-width:620px){.hero h1{font-size:clamp(36px,11vw,46px)}}@media(max-width:360px){.brand-name{font-size:11px}.brand-name>span{font-size:5.5px}.brand{gap:9px}.monogram{padding-right:9px}.menu-button{padding:7px 8px}.hero-actions{gap:15px}.contact-email{font-size:21px}}

/* Blue palette inspired by KU Leuven web colours. */
:root{--blue-bright:#52bdec;--blue-deep:#00233d}
.site-header{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-bottom-color:var(--blue-bright)}
.monogram{border-right-color:#35678f}.monogram span{color:var(--blue-bright)}
.brand-name>span{color:#d5effc}nav a:hover{color:#8ed9f9}.nav-contact{border-color:#78b7d9}
.menu-button{color:#fff;border-color:#78b7d9}
h1,h2{color:var(--navy)}.tiny-line,.hero-meta i{background:var(--blue-bright)}
.portrait-caption{background:var(--blue-deep)}.portrait-mark{color:var(--blue-bright)}
.books-section{background:var(--blue-deep)}.books-section h2{color:#fff}
@media(max-width:620px){nav{background:#fff;color:var(--navy)}nav a:hover{color:#116e8a}.nav-contact{border-color:#b5d7e8}}
@media print{h1,h2{color:#00233d}.books-section h2{color:#00233d}}

.affiliations>a{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#35556d}.affiliations>a:hover{color:var(--navy);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}.affiliations>a .arrow-icon{width:10px;height:10px;color:var(--accent)}.record-row a{border-bottom:1px solid #9bcfe9}.record-row a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.connections-section{background:#f3f9fc;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.connections-label{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 24px;color:var(--navy)}
.connections-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}.connection-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:55px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:27px}.connection-mark{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:14px;color:var(--navy);border-top:2px solid var(--blue-bright);padding-top:11px;letter-spacing:.5px}.connection-role{font-size:9px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 7px}.connection-card h3{font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.5px;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 10px}.connection-description{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 18px}.connection-links{display:flex;gap:15px 23px;flex-wrap:wrap}.connection-links a{font-size:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #9bcfe9;padding-bottom:3px;color:var(--navy)}.connection-links a:hover{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent)}.connection-links .arrow-icon{width:10px;height:10px;margin-left:5px}
.profile-heading{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:49px;margin-bottom:22px}.profile-heading .connections-label{margin:0}.profile-heading p{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.profile-links-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}.profile-link{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:20px 15px;transition:background .2s}.profile-link:hover{background:#e4f3fb;border-color:#78b7d9}.profile-mark{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:17px;min-width:29px;color:var(--accent)}.profile-link strong{font-size:12px;display:block;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}.profile-description{display:block;font-size:9px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}.profile-link>.arrow-icon{margin-left:auto;width:10px;height:10px;color:var(--accent)}
@media(max-width:1100px){.affiliations>a{font-size:15px}.profile-links-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.connection-card{padding:23px;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:47px minmax(0,1fr)}.connection-card h3{font-size:22px}}
@media(max-width:850px){.connection-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}.connection-mark{width:55px}.connection-card h3{font-size:23px}.profile-heading{display:block}.profile-heading p{margin-top:11px}}
@media(max-width:620px){.affiliations>a{font-size:16px}.connections-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}.connection-card{grid-template-columns:45px minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;padding:23px 20px}.connection-mark{width:45px;font-size:12px}.connection-card h3{font-size:24px}.connection-role{font-size:9px}.connection-description{font-size:11px}.profile-links-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}.profile-link{padding:17px 12px;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap}.profile-mark{font-size:16px;min-width:22px}.profile-link strong{font-size:11px}.profile-description{font-size:8px}.profile-link>.arrow-icon{display:none}}
@media(max-width:360px){.profile-links-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.profile-link>.arrow-icon{display:block}}
@media print{.connections-section{background:#fff}.connection-card,.profile-link{break-inside:avoid}}

/* Teaching and language navigation */
.language-bar{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:5px;padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff24;direction:ltr}
.language-bar button{border:0;border-radius:2px;background:transparent;color:#d5effc;font:11px var(--sans);padding:6px 11px;cursor:pointer;min-height:30px}
.language-bar button:hover,.language-bar button[aria-pressed=true]{background:#ffffff19;color:#fff}.language-bar button[aria-pressed=true]{box-shadow:inset 0 -2px var(--blue-bright)}
.header-inner{height:85px}.site-header nav{gap:21px}.site-header .nav-contact{padding:12px 14px}html{scroll-padding-top:145px}
.research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-item{grid-column:span 2}.research-item:nth-child(3){border-right:0}.research-item:nth-child(-n+3){border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.research-item:nth-child(n+4){grid-column:span 3;padding-top:30px}.research-item:nth-child(4){padding-left:0}.research-item:nth-child(5){border-right:0}
.teaching-section{background:#edf7fc;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.teaching-intro{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8;max-width:720px;margin:-10px 0 35px}.teaching-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.teaching-level{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue-bright);padding:28px}.teaching-number{font:26px var(--serif);color:var(--accent)}.teaching-kicker{font-size:10px;color:var(--accent);margin:22px 0 8px}.teaching-level>h3{font-size:28px;color:var(--navy);margin-bottom:25px}.course-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.course-list li{padding:18px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.course-list li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.course-list h4{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:20px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.35;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 9px}.course-list p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.course-list .course-detail{font-size:10px;margin-top:3px}.course-code{display:inline-block;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.5px;color:var(--accent);margin-top:9px}.supervision-note{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:45px;padding:32px 0 0;margin-top:35px;border-top:1px solid #9bcfe9}.supervision-note h3{font-size:26px;color:var(--navy)}.supervision-note p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 10px}
[lang=ar]{font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif}html[lang=ar]{--serif:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;--sans:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif}html[lang=ar] h1,html[lang=ar] h2,html[lang=ar] h3{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.5}html[lang=ar] .eyebrow,html[lang=ar] .brand-name>span,html[lang=ar] .project-status,html[lang=ar] .connections-label{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.8}html[lang=ar] .hero h1{font-size:46px;line-height:1.5}html[lang=ar] .hero-statement{font-size:25px;line-height:1.7}html[lang=ar] .arabic-name{display:none}html[lang=ar] .hero-intro,html[lang=ar] .about-intro>p:not(.eyebrow),html[lang=ar] .teaching-intro{font-size:15px;line-height:2}html[lang=ar] .research-item h3{font-size:22px}html[lang=ar] .research-item p,html[lang=ar] .publication-summary{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}html[lang=ar] .course-list h4{font-size:18px;line-height:1.7}html[lang=ar] .teaching-level>h3{font-size:25px}html[lang=ar] .course-list p{font-size:12px}html[lang=ar] .connection-card h3{font-size:21px}html[lang=ar] .connection-role{font-size:11px}html[lang=ar] .publication h3{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:24px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.2px}html[lang=ar] .publication-meta{letter-spacing:0;font-size:11px}html[lang=ar] .profile-description{font-size:10px}html[lang=ar] .book-design,html[lang=ar] .book-feature-copy>[lang=en]{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif}html[lang=ar] .book-design h3,html[lang=ar] .book-feature-copy>h3{line-height:1.15}
[dir=rtl] .monogram{border-right:0;border-left:1px solid #35678f;padding-right:0;padding-left:17px}[dir=rtl] .export-button{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}[dir=rtl] .profile-link>.arrow-icon{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}[dir=rtl] .connection-links .arrow-icon{margin-left:0;margin-right:5px}[dir=rtl] .project-grid h3[lang=ar]{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] .contact-email,[dir=rtl] .contact-details>a[href^='mailto:'],[dir=rtl] .contact-details>a[href*='orcid.org']{direction:ltr}[dir=rtl] .record-row,[dir=rtl] .profile-link{min-width:0}[dir=rtl] .publication-venue{unicode-bidi:plaintext}[dir=rtl] .publication h3{text-align:start}
@media(max-width:1200px){.site-header .brand-name{font-size:13px}.site-header nav{gap:14px}.site-header nav a{font-size:11px}.teaching-level{padding:23px}.teaching-level>h3{font-size:25px}}
@media(max-width:980px){.site-header .brand-name{display:none}.teaching-grid{gap:12px}.teaching-level{padding:20px}.course-list h4{font-size:18px}}
@media(max-width:850px){.research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-item{grid-column:auto}.research-item:nth-child(2n){border-right:0}.research-item:nth-child(3){border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.research-item:nth-child(4){grid-column:auto;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:18px}.research-item:nth-child(5){grid-column:1/-1;padding-left:0}.research-item:nth-child(5) p{max-width:600px}.teaching-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.teaching-level{padding:28px}.course-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:30px}.supervision-note{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.teaching-level>h3{font-size:30px}.teaching-kicker{margin-top:12px}}
@media(max-width:620px){html{scroll-padding-top:125px}.language-bar{justify-content:center;padding:5px 0}.language-bar button{font-size:10px;padding:5px 16px}.header-inner{height:72px}.site-header .brand-name{display:block;font-size:13px}.site-header nav{top:113px;padding:12px 20px}.site-header nav a{font-size:13px}.site-header .nav-contact{padding:12px 8px}.teaching-grid{gap:15px}.teaching-intro{font-size:13px}.teaching-level{padding:25px}.course-list{display:block}.supervision-note{padding-top:25px;margin-top:28px}.supervision-note h3{font-size:25px}.supervision-note p{font-size:12px}.research-item:nth-child(4){padding-left:13px}.research-item:nth-child(n+4){padding-top:24px}html[lang=ar] .hero h1{font-size:35px}html[lang=ar] h2{font-size:31px}html[lang=ar] .hero-statement{font-size:22px}html[lang=ar] .hero-actions{gap:16px}html[lang=ar] .hero-actions .text-link{font-size:10px}html[lang=ar] .research-item h3{font-size:19px}html[lang=ar] .research-item p{font-size:12px}html[lang=ar] .connection-card{grid-template-columns:35px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}html[lang=ar] .connection-card h3{font-size:19px}[dir=rtl] .monogram{padding-left:12px}}
@media print{.language-bar{display:none}.teaching-level{break-inside:avoid}.teaching-section{background:white}}

/* Arabic opening retained in every language. */
.opening-invocation{background:#f3f9fc;color:var(--navy);text-align:center;border-top:4px solid var(--navy);border-bottom:1px solid #b5d7e8;padding:25px 0 22px;font-family:"Noto Naskh Arabic","Traditional Arabic",Tahoma,serif}
.opening-invocation p{margin:0;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.9}.opening-invocation .opening-basmala{font-size:32px;line-height:1.6}.opening-invocation .opening-salawat{font-size:18px;color:#35556d;margin-top:6px}.opening-verse{margin:16px 0 0;padding:0}.opening-verse>p{font-size:27px;line-height:1.8}.opening-verse cite{font-size:13px;font-style:normal;display:block;color:var(--accent);margin-top:5px}.opening-verse a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}
@media(max-width:620px){.opening-invocation{padding:21px 0 19px}.opening-invocation .opening-basmala{font-size:27px}.opening-invocation .opening-salawat{font-size:16px;max-width:350px;margin:7px auto 0;line-height:1.9}.opening-verse{margin-top:13px}.opening-verse>p{font-size:23px;line-height:1.9}.opening-verse cite{font-size:12px}}
@media print{.opening-invocation{background:white;break-inside:avoid}}

/* Islamic architecture, manuscript ornament and Arabic calligraphy. */
@font-face{font-family:'Site Naskh';src:url('assets/NotoNaskhArabic-Regular.ttf') format('truetype');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:'Site Kufi';src:url('assets/NotoKufiArabic-Regular.ttf') format('truetype');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
:root{--manuscript-gold:#d8ba7c;--manuscript-ivory:#fff5da}
.opening-invocation{position:relative;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden;background-color:#00233d;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0,20,36,.06),rgba(0,20,36,.22) 27%,rgba(0,20,36,.22) 73%,rgba(0,20,36,.06)),url('assets/islamic-architecture-banner.webp');background-size:cover;background-position:center;border-top:3px solid #c4a469;border-bottom:0;padding:58px 0 47px;min-height:390px;display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--manuscript-ivory);font-family:'Site Naskh','Noto Naskh Arabic',serif}
.opening-invocation:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:auto 0 0;height:21px;background:url('assets/islamic-border.svg') center/72px 24px repeat-x;pointer-events:none;opacity:.75}
.opening-invocation>.wrap{max-width:870px;position:relative;text-shadow:0 2px 12px #001320,0 1px 4px #001320}
.opening-invocation .opening-basmala{font-family:'Site Naskh',serif;font-size:43px;line-height:1.7;color:#f0d8a4}
.opening-invocation .opening-salawat{font-family:'Site Naskh',serif;font-size:21px;line-height:1.9;color:#f4ead4;margin-top:3px}
.opening-invocation .opening-verse{margin-top:17px}.opening-invocation .opening-verse>p{font-family:'Site Naskh',serif;font-size:35px;line-height:1.85;color:#fff7e4}
.opening-invocation .opening-verse cite{font-family:'Site Naskh',serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:#e7ce95;margin-top:3px}
.opening-invocation a:focus-visible{outline-color:#f0d8a4}.site-header{box-shadow:0 3px 0 #c4a46945}
.hero{position:relative;isolation:isolate}.hero:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:35px -32px auto auto;width:360px;height:500px;background:url('assets/islamic-geometric-pattern.svg') center/128px;opacity:.75;pointer-events:none;z-index:-1;mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 40%)}
.portrait-frame{border-color:#bca36d}.portrait-frame:before{background-color:#edf7fc;background-image:url('assets/islamic-geometric-pattern.svg')}.portrait-caption{border-top:2px solid #bca36d}.portrait-mark{color:#d8ba7c}
.affiliation-band{background-image:url('assets/islamic-geometric-pattern.svg');background-size:96px}.arabic-name{font-family:'Site Naskh',serif!important;font-size:27px}
.teaching-section,.connections-section{background-image:url('assets/islamic-geometric-pattern.svg');background-size:128px}.teaching-level{border-top-color:#bda573}.connection-mark{border-top-color:#bda573}
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